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    عشرات القتلى في غزة خلال قصف مكثف للاحتلال الإسرائيلي

    Dozens Killed in Gaza Amid Intensified Israeli Bombardment

    Palestinian youth Louay Faisal Muhammad Nasrallah (22 years old)

    Death of Administrative Detainee Louay Nasrallah Rekindles Alarms Over Israeli Violations

    الاحتلال يواصل تشديد الحصار والإبادة الجماعية شمال غزة

    Gaza: 10 Killed in Israeli Airstrike on Aid Warehouse in al-Zaytoun

    مصر.. سجناء “برج العرب” يواصلون إضرابهم عن الطعام

    Egyptian Prisoners Beg for Death to Avoid Transfer to ‘New Valley’ Prison

    غزة.. 9 قتلى معظمهم أطفال في أول أيام عيد الفطر

    Civilian Deaths Mount in Gaza as Indiscriminate Bombardment Escalates

    الاحتلال الإسرائيلي ومستوطنوه يستهدفون الفلسطينيين وممتلكاتهم في سلفيت

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    قمع قافلة الصمود: السلطات المصرية تُجهض تحركًا شعبيًا نبيلًا للتضامن مع غزة وتتماهى مجددا مع سياسات الاحتلال

    Crackdown on the “Soumoud Convoy”: Egyptian Authorities Suppress a Noble Popular Initiative in Solidarity with Gaza, Aligning Once Again with the Occupation’s Policies

    يجب حل “مؤسسة غزة” وملاحقة ومحاسبة القائمين عليها

    “Gaza Humanitarian Foundation” Must Be Dissolved and Its Administrators Held Accountable

    ندوة- 20 شهرًا من الإبادة: جرائم “مؤسسة غزة الإنسانية” ومصير نشطاء سفينة مادلين

    Webinar- 20 Months of Genocide: The Role of the ‘Gaza Humanitarian Foundation’ and the Disappearance of the Madleen Boat Activists

    على الاتحاد الأوروبي التدخل من أجل كشف مصير ركاب سفينة مادلين وتأمين إطلاق سراحهم

    EU Must Intervene to Demand Information on Madeleine Passengers’ Whereabouts and Secure Their Release

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    Israel’s War in Gaza is Not a Valid Act of Self-defence in International Law

    Legal Consequences for Third States of Israel’s breaches of international law in the Palestinian Gaza Strip

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    A Perverse and Ominous Enterprise: The Death Penalty and Illegal Executions in Saudi Arabia

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    ندوة- 20 شهرًا من الإبادة: جرائم “مؤسسة غزة الإنسانية” ومصير نشطاء سفينة مادلين

    Webinar- 20 Months of Genocide: The Role of the ‘Gaza Humanitarian Foundation’ and the Disappearance of the Madleen Boat Activists

    ندوة: هل يكفي التهديد الأوروبي بفرض عقوبات على الاحتلال؟

    Webinar Report: Is Threatening Sanctions Enough? European Complicity in Gaza’s Genocide Under the Spotlight

    ندوة: الاحتلال يدمر القطاع الصحي في غزة عبر أكثر الادوات وحشية وسط تجاهل دولي مخز

    Webinar Report: Gaza’s Collapsing Health Sector Amid Ongoing Genocide

    Webinar Announcement: Gaza’s Collapsing Health Sector Amid Ongoing Genocide

    Webinar Announcement: Gaza’s Collapsing Health Sector Amid Ongoing Genocide

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    ندوة- 20 شهرًا من الإبادة: جرائم “مؤسسة غزة الإنسانية” ومصير نشطاء سفينة مادلين

    Webinar- 20 Months of Genocide: The Role of the ‘Gaza Humanitarian Foundation’ and the Disappearance of the Madleen Boat Activists

    ندوة: هل يكفي التهديد الأوروبي بفرض عقوبات على الاحتلال؟

    Webinar Report: Is Threatening Sanctions Enough? European Complicity in Gaza’s Genocide Under the Spotlight

    ندوة: استئناف الإبادة في غزة وسط التواطؤ الدولي وازدواجية معايير صناع القرار

    Webinar Report: Resumption of Genocide in Gaza Amid International Complicity

    ندوة: قطع إسرائيل المساعدات الإنسانية عن غزة وخرق وقف إطلاق النار وسعي نتنياهو لاستئناف حرب الإبادة

    Webinar Report- Israel’s Blockade on Humanitarian Aid to Gaza and Netanyahu’s Push to Resume Genocide

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    عشرات القتلى في غزة خلال قصف مكثف للاحتلال الإسرائيلي

    Dozens Killed in Gaza Amid Intensified Israeli Bombardment

    Palestinian youth Louay Faisal Muhammad Nasrallah (22 years old)

    Death of Administrative Detainee Louay Nasrallah Rekindles Alarms Over Israeli Violations

    الاحتلال يواصل تشديد الحصار والإبادة الجماعية شمال غزة

    Gaza: 10 Killed in Israeli Airstrike on Aid Warehouse in al-Zaytoun

    مصر.. سجناء “برج العرب” يواصلون إضرابهم عن الطعام

    Egyptian Prisoners Beg for Death to Avoid Transfer to ‘New Valley’ Prison

    غزة.. 9 قتلى معظمهم أطفال في أول أيام عيد الفطر

    Civilian Deaths Mount in Gaza as Indiscriminate Bombardment Escalates

    الاحتلال الإسرائيلي ومستوطنوه يستهدفون الفلسطينيين وممتلكاتهم في سلفيت

    Israeli Settler Attacks on Palestinian Civilians and Property Escalate Amid Ongoing Impunity

    • Palestine
    • Egypt
    • Syria
    • Yemen
    • Iraq
    • Saudi
    • Emirates
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  • Press Releases
    قمع قافلة الصمود: السلطات المصرية تُجهض تحركًا شعبيًا نبيلًا للتضامن مع غزة وتتماهى مجددا مع سياسات الاحتلال

    Crackdown on the “Soumoud Convoy”: Egyptian Authorities Suppress a Noble Popular Initiative in Solidarity with Gaza, Aligning Once Again with the Occupation’s Policies

    يجب حل “مؤسسة غزة” وملاحقة ومحاسبة القائمين عليها

    “Gaza Humanitarian Foundation” Must Be Dissolved and Its Administrators Held Accountable

    ندوة- 20 شهرًا من الإبادة: جرائم “مؤسسة غزة الإنسانية” ومصير نشطاء سفينة مادلين

    Webinar- 20 Months of Genocide: The Role of the ‘Gaza Humanitarian Foundation’ and the Disappearance of the Madleen Boat Activists

    على الاتحاد الأوروبي التدخل من أجل كشف مصير ركاب سفينة مادلين وتأمين إطلاق سراحهم

    EU Must Intervene to Demand Information on Madeleine Passengers’ Whereabouts and Secure Their Release

  • Reports
    Israel’s War in Gaza is Not a Valid Act of Self-defence in International Law

    Legal Consequences for Third States of Israel’s breaches of international law in the Palestinian Gaza Strip

    A Perverse and Ominous Enterprise: The Death Penalty and Illegal Executions in Saudi Arabia

    A Perverse and Ominous Enterprise: The Death Penalty and Illegal Executions in Saudi Arabia

    Death Penalty Arab Republic of Egypt

    The Death Penalty Arab Republic of Egypt

    The Situation in Palestine before the ICC

    The Situation in Palestine before the ICC

  • Events
    ندوة- 20 شهرًا من الإبادة: جرائم “مؤسسة غزة الإنسانية” ومصير نشطاء سفينة مادلين

    Webinar- 20 Months of Genocide: The Role of the ‘Gaza Humanitarian Foundation’ and the Disappearance of the Madleen Boat Activists

    ندوة: هل يكفي التهديد الأوروبي بفرض عقوبات على الاحتلال؟

    Webinar Report: Is Threatening Sanctions Enough? European Complicity in Gaza’s Genocide Under the Spotlight

    ندوة: الاحتلال يدمر القطاع الصحي في غزة عبر أكثر الادوات وحشية وسط تجاهل دولي مخز

    Webinar Report: Gaza’s Collapsing Health Sector Amid Ongoing Genocide

    Webinar Announcement: Gaza’s Collapsing Health Sector Amid Ongoing Genocide

    Webinar Announcement: Gaza’s Collapsing Health Sector Amid Ongoing Genocide

  • Multimedia
    ندوة- 20 شهرًا من الإبادة: جرائم “مؤسسة غزة الإنسانية” ومصير نشطاء سفينة مادلين

    Webinar- 20 Months of Genocide: The Role of the ‘Gaza Humanitarian Foundation’ and the Disappearance of the Madleen Boat Activists

    ندوة: هل يكفي التهديد الأوروبي بفرض عقوبات على الاحتلال؟

    Webinar Report: Is Threatening Sanctions Enough? European Complicity in Gaza’s Genocide Under the Spotlight

    ندوة: استئناف الإبادة في غزة وسط التواطؤ الدولي وازدواجية معايير صناع القرار

    Webinar Report: Resumption of Genocide in Gaza Amid International Complicity

    ندوة: قطع إسرائيل المساعدات الإنسانية عن غزة وخرق وقف إطلاق النار وسعي نتنياهو لاستئناف حرب الإبادة

    Webinar Report- Israel’s Blockade on Humanitarian Aid to Gaza and Netanyahu’s Push to Resume Genocide

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Legal Consequences for Third States of Israel’s breaches of international law in the Palestinian Gaza Strip

November 26, 2023
in Reports
Israel’s War in Gaza is Not a Valid Act of Self-defence in International Law
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Legal Opinion for the Arab Organisation for Human Rights in the UK
Dr Ralph Wilde

27 November 2023


Executive Summary

(The present opinion is limited to the Palestinian Gaza Strip, although much of what it covers is equally applicable to Israel’s use of force through the occupation of the Palestinian West Bank.)

Israel’s current use of force in the Palestinian Gaza Strip is part of a long-standing illegal use of force by that state in the territory which began in 1967. It is a violation of the use of force, an aggression, and the right of self-determination of the Palestinian people. In addition, the use of force in its current manifestation, supplementing the force-enabled siege with aerial bombardment and a land invasion, also involves breaches of the laws of war, a.k.a. international humanitarian law (IHL), including serious violations which constitute war crimes, and breaches of the prohibition of apartheid in particular and racial discrimination more generally. Some of these breaches are also a continuation, in more extreme form, of what happened prior to the current bombing and land incursion campaign. Also, a credible case is now being made by states, UN experts and human rights NGOs that crimes against humanity and genocide are being committed.

Israel is obliged to cease its illegal behaviour immediately: a ceasefire and withdrawal from, and complete termination of the force-enabled siege of, the Palestinian Gaza Strip. Because fundamental international legal rules are being breached, third states (all other states apart from Israel and Palestine) have special legal obligations. They must not recognize as lawful, or provide any aid or assistance to, Israel’s use of force in, including its occupation of, the Palestinian Gaza Strip. This means not affirming that Israel has a right to use this force, and ceasing support, including military support, to Israel for this purpose. They must also take positive steps to bring the illegal situation to an end, including calling for Israel to take the aforementioned actions.

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